David Moyes' side twice held the lead at St James' Park, but Newcastle hit back on each occasion.
West Ham moved four points clear of the relegation zone, with Aston Villa's game in hand coming at champions Liverpool later on Sunday.
After earning their first away point since December, the Hammers have five games left to guarantee their top-tier status.
Shock winners against Chelsea in midweek, West Ham were ahead within four minutes at Newcastle.
Michail Antonio's clever flick allowed Pablo Fornals to find Jarrod Bowen with a fine pass, and when Jamaal Lascelles failed to cut out his cross, Antonio pounced at the far post.
Newcastle were level after 17 minutes as the influential Allan Saint-Maximin slipped in Emil Krafth.
Krafth's driven cross was turned past Lukasz Fabianski by Almiron for the Paraguay midfielder's eighth goal of the season.
Newcastle keeper Martin Dubravka made a good save with his legs after Bowen turned Aaron Cresswell's shot goalwards from close-range.
Almiron and Lascelles were both off target as Newcastle pushed for a winner in the second half.
Tomas Soucek restored West Ham's lead when he lashed home from close-range after Declan Rice headed Ryan Fredericks' corner against the crossbar.
But Newcastle equalised 92 seconds later as Jonjo Shelvey beat the West Ham offside trap, took Dwight Gayle's pass and beat Fabianski from close-range.
Andriy Yarmolenko had scored the late winner against Chelsea and the West Ham substitute almost did it again with a stinging strike that Dubravka pushed over.
July 5, 2020