Top EU court finds against FIFA in key transfer market ruling

The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) was called on to decide a long-running dispute between former French footballer Lassana Diarra and FIFA, over what happens when players unilaterally terminate their contract. In a highly anticipated verdict, judges found that by restricting a footballers' ability to seek further employment, current FIFA rules hinder the EU's free movement and competition between clubs.

"The Court holds that all of those rules are contrary to EU law," it said. The ruling could have far-reaching implications for the lucrative transfer market, allowing players to leave their club without fear of being legally trapped afterwards.

"In a way, the Lassana Diarra affair is the Bosman 2.0 affair," Diarra's Belgian lawyer Jean-Louis Dupont, said ahead of the judgement, predicting the "end" of the current system in case of a favourable verdict.

Dupont was also involved in the 1995 case of footballer Jean-Marc Bosman, which allowed players to move to another club at the end of their contract without a transfer fee being paid and also ended quotas on foreign players at clubs. On Friday, he hailed the new ruling as "a total victory".

Ten-year saga

The Diarra saga goes back 10 years. In August 2014, Lokomotiv terminated the midfielder's contract citing contractual breaches by the player. The Russian club also sought 20 million euros compensation from Diarra.

Diarra, now 39, refused and requested that Lokomotiv pay him compensation. He was eventually ordered to pay his former club 10 million euros by FIFA, a fine that was upheld by the Court of Arbitration for Sport. Diarra also received a backdated 15-month suspension.

According to FIFA regulations, if a player terminates his contract unilaterally and "without just cause", he must pay compensation which includes his remuneration and benefits until the end of his contract.

Additionally, a purchasing club could be held jointly liable for any compensation and, in certain cases, be banned from signing any new players for a given period. National football associations are also forced to refuse to issue a certificate needed to complete a transfer while a dispute is pending.

As a result clubs were not rushing to recruit Diarra after he left Lokomotiv. His lawyers argued the rules violated the EU's free movement of workers, and by limiting the ability of clubs to recruit, were contrary to the principle of free competition within the 27-nation bloc.

Diarra requested six million euros from FIFA, on the grounds that he was prevented from playing during most of the 2014-2015 season. Belgian side Charleroi rescinded their contract offer, afraid of the possible legal and financial consequences.

Considerable risk

After several twists and turns, a Belgian court asked the CJEU its opinion on the matter. On Friday, the CJEU found that the rules impede the free movement of players by "imposing considerable legal risks, unforeseeable and potentially very high financial risks as well as major sporting risks on those players and clubs wishing to employ them".

Although some restrictions could be justified to allow a certain degree of stability in the player rosters of football clubs, the rules in question went beyond "what is necessary to pursue that objective", it said. Judges said the burden put on purchasing clubs had as object the restriction, and even prevention, of cross-border competition, and as such did "not appear to be indispensable or necessary".

The ruling throws the world of football transfers into uncertainty. Smaller teams often rely on trading players to sustain their finances - recruiting young prospects on the cheap to later sell them at a high price.

Clubs currently have no obligation to let players go before the end of their contract, which gives management power in transfer negotiations, a lever they seem to stand to lose. Capped 34 times by France, Diarra also played for Chelsea, Arsenal, Portsmouth and Real Madrid before ending his career at Paris Saint-Germain in 2019.